What are the chances that these parents will have two children with sickle cell trait and one with sickle cellĭisease? (Show your work.) _į. What are the chances that all three of their children will show the disease phenotype? (Show your work.)Į. Hemoglobin beta chains? (Show your work.) _ĭ. What are the chances that these parents will have three children who have both normal and mutant What are the chances that these parents will have three children who are homozygous for normal RBCs? (ShowĬ. What is the chance that a child will carry the HbS gene but not have sickle cell disease? _ī. If two people with sickle cell trait have children, what is the chance that a child will have normal RBCs in both high-Īnd low-oxygen environments? What is the chance that a child will have sickle cell disease? Write the possibleĪ. Mendelian Genetics, Probability, Pedigrees, and Chi-Square Statistics LESSON STUDENT HANDOUT Natural Selection in Humans QUESTIONS MENDELIAN GENETICS AND PROBABILITYġ. Answer the following questions regarding genetics, probability, pedigrees, and the chi-square statistical analysis test. Genetics of sickle cell trait and the connection to malaria infection.Ģ. While watching, pay close attention to the Watch the short film The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection in Humans. The resultingĪbnormal, sickle-shaped RBCs in these people block blood flow in blood vessels, causing pain, serious infections, andĬritical values table (see page 12) PROCEDUREġ. People with sickle cell disease are homozygous for the sickle cellĪllele ( SS genotype) they have received one copy of the mutant hemoglobin allele from each parent. Some sickling of their RBCs in low-oxygen environments. However, due to having one copy of the sickle cell allele, these individuals do manifest These individuals do not have sickle cell disease, and Individuals produce both normal and mutant hemoglobin proteins. ( HBS ), from the other parent are heterozygous and are said to have sickle cell trait. Individuals who receive one normal hemoglobin allele from one parent and one mutant hemoglobin, or sickle cell allele People who are homozygous for normal hemoglobin do not have any sickled RBCs. Individuals who are homozygous for the normal hemoglobin allele ( HBA ) receive a normal hemoglobin allele from each This clumping causes the RBC to assume an abnormal “sickled” shape. Due to this change inĪmino acid sequence, the hemoglobin tends to precipitate (or clump together) within the RBC after releasing its oxygen. The mutation causes an amino acid substitution, replacing glutamic acid with valine. Sickle cell disease (also called sickleĬell anemia) is caused by a genetic mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for the beta chain of the hemoglobin Protein consists of four polypeptide chains: two alpha chains and two beta chains. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells ( RBCs) that transports oxygen throughout the body. Mendelian Genetics, Probability, Pedigrees, and Chi-Square Statistics Published July 2012 Revised October 2013 LESSON STUDENT HANDOUT Natural Selection in Humans MENDELIAN GENETICS, PROBABILITY, PEDIGREES, AND CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS INTRODUCTION
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